Glossary – 100 “Data Governance” Terms

Below is a glossary that includes 100 “Data Governance” terms and phrases, along with their definitions and examples, in alphabetical order. Enjoy!

Term	Definition & Example
Access Control	Restricting data access. Example: Role-based permissions.
Audit Trail	Record of data access and changes. Example: Who updated records.
Business Glossary	Standardized business terms. Example: Definition of “Revenue”.
Business Metadata	Business context of data. Example: KPI definitions.
Change Management	Managing governance adoption. Example: New policy rollout.
Compliance Audit	Formal governance assessment. Example: External audit.
Consent Management	Tracking user permissions. Example: Marketing opt-ins.
Control	Mechanism to reduce risk. Example: Access approval workflows.
Control Framework	Structured control set. Example: SOX controls.
Data Accountability	Clear responsibility for data outcomes. Example: Named data owners.
Data Accountability Model	Framework assigning responsibility. Example: Owner–steward mapping.
Data Accuracy	Correctness of data values. Example: Valid email addresses.
Data Archiving	Moving inactive data to long-term storage. Example: Historical logs.
Data Breach	Unauthorized data exposure. Example: Leaked customer records.
Data Catalog	Centralized inventory of data assets. Example: Enterprise data catalog tool.
Data Certification	Marking trusted datasets. Example: “Certified” badge.
Data Classification	Categorizing data by sensitivity. Example: Public vs confidential.
Data Completeness	Presence of required data. Example: No missing customer IDs.
Data Compliance	Adherence to internal policies. Example: Quarterly audits.
Data Consistency	Uniform data representation. Example: Same currency everywhere.
Data Contract	Agreement on data structure and SLAs. Example: Producer-consumer contract.
Data Custodian	Technical role managing data infrastructure. Example: Database administrator.
Data Dictionary	Repository of field definitions. Example: Column descriptions.
Data Disposal	Secure deletion of data. Example: End-of-life purging.
Data Domain	Logical grouping of data. Example: Finance data domain.
Data Ethics	Responsible use of data. Example: Avoiding discriminatory models.
Data Governance	Framework of policies, roles, and processes for managing data. Example: Enterprise data governance program.
Data Governance Charter	Formal governance mandate. Example: Executive-approved charter.
Data Governance Council	Oversight group for governance decisions. Example: Cross-functional committee.
Data Governance Maturity	Level of governance capability. Example: Ad hoc vs optimized.
Data Governance Platform	Integrated governance tooling. Example: Enterprise governance suite.
Data Governance Roadmap	Planned governance initiatives. Example: 3-year roadmap.
Data Harmonization	Aligning data definitions. Example: Unified metrics.
Data Integration	Combining data from multiple sources. Example: CRM + ERP merge.
Data Integrity	Trustworthiness across lifecycle. Example: Referential integrity.
Data Issue Management	Tracking and resolving data issues. Example: Data quality tickets.
Data Lifecycle	Stages from creation to disposal. Example: Create → archive → delete.
Data Lineage	Tracking data from source to consumption. Example: Source → dashboard mapping.
Data Literacy	Ability to understand and use data. Example: Training programs.
Data Masking	Obscuring sensitive data. Example: Masked credit card numbers.
Data Mesh	Domain-oriented governance approach. Example: Decentralized ownership.
Data Monitoring	Continuous oversight of data. Example: Schema change alerts.
Data Observability	Monitoring data health. Example: Freshness alerts.
Data Owner	Accountable role for a dataset. Example: VP of Sales owns sales data.
Data Ownership Matrix	Mapping data to owners. Example: RACI chart.
Data Ownership Model	Assignment of accountability. Example: Business-owned data.
Data Ownership Transfer	Changing ownership responsibility. Example: Org restructuring.
Data Policy	High-level rules for data handling. Example: Data retention policy.
Data Privacy	Proper handling of personal data. Example: GDPR compliance.
Data Product	Governed, consumable dataset. Example: Curated sales table.
Data Profiling	Assessing data characteristics. Example: Null percentage analysis.
Data Quality	Accuracy, completeness, and reliability of data. Example: No duplicate customer IDs.
Data Quality Rule	Condition data must meet. Example: Order date cannot be null.
Data Retention	Rules for how long data is kept. Example: 7-year retention policy.
Data Review Process	Periodic governance review. Example: Policy refresh.
Data Risk	Potential harm from data misuse. Example: Regulatory fines.
Data Security	Safeguarding data from unauthorized access. Example: Encryption at rest.
Data Sharing Agreement	Rules for sharing data. Example: Partner data exchange.
Data Standard	Agreed-upon data definition or format. Example: ISO country codes.
Data Stewardship	Operational responsibility for data quality and usage. Example: Business steward for customer data.
Data Timeliness	Data availability when needed. Example: Daily refresh SLA.
Data Traceability	Ability to trace data changes. Example: Transformation history.
Data Transparency	Visibility into data usage and meaning. Example: Open definitions.
Data Trust	Confidence in data reliability. Example: Executive reporting.
Data Usage Policy	Rules for data consumption. Example: Analytics-only usage.
Data Validation	Checking data against rules. Example: Type and range checks.
Encryption	Encoding data for protection. Example: AES encryption.
Enterprise Data Governance	Organization-wide governance approach. Example: Company-wide standards.
Exception Management	Handling rule violations. Example: Approved data overrides.
Federated Governance	Shared governance model. Example: Domain-level ownership.
Golden Record	Single trusted version of an entity. Example: Unified customer profile.
Governance Framework	Structured governance approach. Example: DAMA-DMBOK.
Governance Metrics	Measurements of governance success. Example: Issue resolution time.
Impact Analysis	Assessing effects of data changes. Example: Column removal impact.
Incident Response	Handling data security incidents. Example: Breach mitigation plan.
KPI (Governance KPI)	Metric for governance effectiveness. Example: Data quality score.
Least Privilege	Minimum access needed principle. Example: Read-only analyst access.
Master Data	Core business entities. Example: Customers, products.
Metadata	Information describing data. Example: Column definitions.
Metadata Management	Managing metadata lifecycle. Example: Automated harvesting.
Operating Controls	Day-to-day governance controls. Example: Access reviews.
Operating Model	How governance roles interact. Example: Centralized governance.
Operational Metadata	Data about data processing. Example: Load timestamps.
Personally Identifiable Information (PII)	Data identifying individuals. Example: Social Security number.
Policy Enforcement	Ensuring policies are followed. Example: Automated checks.
Policy Exception	Approved deviation from policy. Example: Temporary access grant.
Policy Lifecycle	Creation, approval, review of policies. Example: Annual updates.
Protected Health Information (PHI)	Health-related personal data. Example: Medical records.
Reference Architecture	Standard governance architecture. Example: Approved tooling stack.
Reference Data	Controlled value sets. Example: Country lists.
Regulatory Compliance	Meeting legal data requirements. Example: GDPR, CCPA.
Risk Assessment	Evaluating governance risks. Example: Privacy risk scoring.
Risk Management	Identifying and mitigating data risks. Example: Privacy risk assessment.
Sensitive Data	Data requiring protection. Example: Financial records.
SLA (Service Level Agreement)	Data delivery expectations. Example: Refresh by 8 AM.
Stakeholder Engagement	Involving business users. Example: Governance workshops.
Stewardship Model	Structure of stewardship roles. Example: Business and technical stewards.
Technical Metadata	System-level data information. Example: Data types and schemas.
Tokenization	Replacing sensitive data with tokens. Example: Payment systems.
Tooling Ecosystem	Set of governance tools. Example: Catalog + lineage tools.